When talking about administration origin there may be some confusion, as we can think of the first time that administration was used as such or administration as we know it now.
Administrative thinking is thought to be born with man, since at any time in history there has been the need to make decisions, coordinate and execute. Since ancient times, civilizations have shown administrative tendencies in the way of organizing themselves as a society, in the gathering of food, in the construction of buildings, etc.
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As humanity progressed, written records of how to achieve business efficiency remained. However, the business history and its administration originate in a more recent time, until the administration that is known today.
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In this article you will find:
Origin and evolution of the administration
When talking about administration origin It is important to know its antecedents, history and evolution, since each past civilization has contributed with specific contributions to improve this discipline until it becomes as it is in the present.
Primitive Period
The so-called nomadic tribes whose main activities were fishing, hunting and gathering, these were assigned according to individual capacity according to sex and age. The heads of families had the authority to make important decisions.
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Ancient time
There are many administrative foundations of this time that are still in force, some of the most important were contributed in Greece by its renowned philosophers:
- Socrates: Shows the importance of technical knowledge and experience separately.
- Plato: Shows the importance of men's abilities, giving rise to specialization.
- Aristotle: Provides knowledge of how to achieve a perfect state.
- Pericles: Presents some of the basic principles of administration and personnel selection.
Middle Ages
Centralism weakens, the decentralization process is accentuated due to the growth of institutions with greater privileges. Feudalism incorporated problems of government and business organizations. The administration did not have great importance, since, the fiefdoms delegated their activities but conserved the authority.
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Modern age
Machiavelli raises the following principles adaptable to contemporary administration:
- The stability of an organization is achieved when the members express their problems and resolve their conflicts.
- One person can start an organization, but only teamwork will make it last.
- The authority of leaders is important to be able to guide subordinates.
- An organization cannot be completely changed, it must retain part of its structure and some customs.
The industrial Revolution
It was an important time for the appearance of inventions and discoveries. The craftsman was replaced by skilled workers in large mass-production factories. It is characterized by the exploitation of man by man, the administration itself did not have great advances or contributions.
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Classical approach
It marks the importance of managing work and organizations and work efficiently.
Scientific management
It is the approach of classical administrative theory, it seeks to improve the effectiveness of the workers through the scientific study of work methods.
Its main representatives are:
- Frederick Winslow Taylor
- The Gilbreths
- Henry gantt
Bureaucratic administration
It deals with the importance of operating organizations rationally and not from the arbitrary wishes of managers and owners. His biggest representative was: Max Weber.
The school of the administrative process
It is founded thanks to the need to teach management that scholars such as Henry Fayol, Chester Bernard, said school focuses on teaching administrative principles can be used to coordinate school activities organizations.
Human behavior approach
He was interested in finding the most appropriate ways to use productive mechanisms, including the individual as production mechanisms.
Behavioral approach
It highlighted the importance of finding and understanding those factors that affect behavior within organizations. Its exponents were: Hugo Münsterbeg, Mary Parker Follet, Elton Mayo.
Movement of human relations.
It addresses the needs of individuals within the organization, marking the importance of personal improvement. Some exponents of this movement were: Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor.
Quantitative approach to management
I emphasize managerially the best use of the organization's resources, based on quantitative methods such as computer science, statistics and mathematics, to make good decisions and improve the productivity and efficiency of the organization.
