Companies are part of the environment that surrounds them, they interact with it, from their environment they obtain the inputs to stay operational, human talent and resources In addition, they allocate their production of goods or their supply of services to it, for which they are indirectly influenced by the factors that make up this environment.
This being the case, it is important to determine which is the environment of which they are part and receive their influence, since from this How companies can determine the appropriate strategies to stay operational and gain space in the market.
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Initially it was considered that the environment was the closest place to an organization, however, with the Over the years this concept has evolved, currently it is considered that this space consists of the microenvironment and the macroenvironment.
The first of them refers to the elements that directly influence any organization, and also these can intervene in it, among the elements that compose it are the clients, the competition, the suppliers and some others.
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The second of them is where all the companies are immersed and it is precisely the subject of this article.
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In this article you will find:
Macroenvironment concept
As previously anticipated, the macroenvironment is the group of external elements and factors to organizations that indirectly influence their management, politics Y productivity.
East external environment It exists prior to the start of the companies' operations and will remain there after they cease to be part of it. Furthermore, the macro-environment cannot be influenced by the organizations.
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Its analysis is very important since its indirect impact will influence the policies of the company, its decision making strategies, its level of production, financing and rules that govern it, affecting both its performance and its strategy.
Elements of the Macroenvironment
The component elements or factors that make up the macro-environment of companies are:
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1.- Demographic Factors
They correspond to the characteristics that define the population where the company operates, in which several aspects or criteria can be distinguished, such as:
- Age
- Sex
- The birth rate
- The mortality rate
- Educational level
- The composition of classes and social strata
- The migratory movement of its inhabitants
2.- Economic Factors
They are the forces external to the company that correspond to the purchasing power of the consumers, the sectors with the highest investment, regional economic policies, people's ability to save and other similar elements such as:
- The gross domestic product or GDP
- The unemployment rate
- Interest rates
- Inflationary processes
- Monetary policies of the country
3.- Natural and Environmental Factors
These forces indirectly affect the company since they are related to natural resources, raw Materials that many companies and industries transform into their final products, some of them are:
- Pollution and government policies to control it
- Conservation of the environment
- Renewable natural resources and Non-renewable
- Industrial impact on the environment
- Preservation of fauna and flora
4.- Political Factors
These types of elements influence companies through laws, government socio-economic policies, taxes and fiscal measures, requirements to function and any other type of legal measure that governs the sector or the company as such.
5.- Technological Factors
It can be assured that it is the factor with the greatest preponderance today, the advances that, in recent years, have been made in the area of technology in general are enormous.
In the field of robotics, computing, machinery, electronics and practically in any area, great advances can be observed, of which many companies can benefit.
However, this is a two-sided coin, many of these new technologies are very expensive and few companies can acquire them, only few can pay their high costs.
In addition, in several areas the changes are very fast and this year's technology may be obsolete within two years, for what a small company should do a thorough analysis before making the decision to make an investment of that kind.
Some areas that are included in this element are:
- Infrastructure
- Networking
- Connectivity
- Telecommunications
- Systems
- Robotics
6.- Socio-Cultural Factors
This factor is very important since companies must know what their customers are like, the people who consume their products or use Their services, with this valuable information, will be able to adapt their production to their tastes and try to satisfy their needs.
In order to stay operational, position in the market and to achieve their loyalty, companies must adapt to changes and adjust their product to the new requirements of their clientele.
Some examples from this part of the macroenvironment They are:
- Trends in consumer taste
- People lifestyle
- Preferences and interests of the population
- Change in customer tastes
- Customs and traditions of the region
- fashion
- Society values
- Popular beliefs
- Way of interacting and relating people to each other
