It is called 7 basic quality tools the set of techniques identified as useful tools in solving problems concerning quality in a company or institution.
Understanding that they are designated basic, since they can be applied by anyone, without training specific or special in statistics and can also be used to solve almost any matter related to the quality.
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The 7 basic tools they contrast with more advanced statistical methods, for example; sampling through surveys or acceptance, experimental designs, hypothesis testing, multivariate analysis, among other advanced research methods.
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In this article you will find:
The 7 quality tools
- Cause and effect diagram
- Flowchart
- Verification or check sheets.
- Histogram
- Pareto chart.
- Control diagram.
- Dispersion diagram.
Cause - Effect Diagram
It is also known as Ishikawa or fishbone diagram
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The statement is located in the head, represents the starting point and describes the problem as an objective to be achieved. The mechanism seeks to know the causes, by considering the problem, asking "why?" until the root cause is identified or reasonable options are exhausted within the thorn diagram of fish.
Flowchart
This kind of tool shows the sequence of steps and branching possibilities in a process that converts an input to one or more outputs. These diagrams show the activities, decisions, branches, parallel paths, and the overall process in an orderly fashion.
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This kind of tool used to understand and estimate quality costs of a process, which is carried out through the logical application of the branches of the diagram and their relative frequencies, estimating the desired monetary value for the conforming work and not according.
Stratification is used in combination with the above or with other data analysis tools. Separating the data from a variety of categories so that the patterns can be seen.
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Check sheets
They are also known as control sheets, are used as a verification directory when collecting data. In this way the events are organized in such a way as to facilitate the compilation of a group of useful data regarding a possible quality problem.
Is used for facilitate data collection and organize automaticallythe data collected in such a way that they can be easily used later.
It is characterized by being a form in which the lines to be recorded appear so that the data can be easily and clearly collected.
Histograms
It is a specific form of bar chart used to describe the central tendency, dispersion and statistical distribution. The histogram differs from other diagrams in that it does not take into account the influence of time within the effective variation in the distribution.
Its main objective is to reveal the statistical structure of some group of data in order to be able to interpret them. The application of histograms recommended as initial analysis in any data collection corresponding to a continuous variable and its construction can help in understanding the trend, frequency and dispersion of the different values.
Pareto chart
They are a very particular way of vertical bar diagram, which are managed to identify the few sources that are key or responsible for the effects of the problems.
On the horizontal axis, the categories of probabilistic distribution that cover 100% of the possible expectations are represented.
These relative frequencies of the causes specified in said axis decrease in magnitude, until reaching a default called "others" that compiles the unspecified causes.
In general, it is constituted in classes that measure the frequencies or consequences.
Control charts or graphs
They are used for determine the stability in a process or its predictable behavior. It handles upper and lower limits, which are based on previously established requirements and reflect the minimum and maximum values that are allowed.
There may be regulations associated with non-compliance with specification limits. Control limits (upper and lower) are uneven from specification limits. These are established by calculations and statistical principles to form the natural capacity of a stable process.
Control limits can be used to indicate the points where corrective measures will be applied to warn of abnormal performance. Corrective action universally aims to maintain stability in a process in a natural and effective way.
Control charts can be used to track different types of output variables. They are often used to track repetitive activities related to mass or batch manufacturing.
Scatter diagrams
They are usually called correlation diagrams, these represent ordered pairs (X, Y) and seek to explain a modification in the variable Y (dependent), in relation to a modification observed in the variable X (independent).
The direction in this correlation could be a positive correlation (if it is proportional), negative correlation (if inverse), or there may be no correlation pattern (zero correlation).
Importance of quality tools
The most important point in quality control is the fact that it is based on real events or events, leaving the experience, audacity and common sense in the background to ensure the quality and satisfaction of the client. Well, it is vital to identify the variables that determine the quality of the process and then determine the state of these variables through data.
Appropriate decision-making must be based on reality and will depend on the veracity of the data provided and the way in which said data will be analyzed.
The combination of these tools can provide a practical and simple methodology that allows effective problem solving in the quality, the improvement of processes involved in the production process and the establishment of controls in the activities and operations within the process.
