Philosophical knowledge and its characteristics

Philosophical knowledge, also called epistemology, is based on the recursive capacity of the human being (capacity that we have to reflect on previous reflections) that is, philosophical knowledge is considered the science that studies the same knowledge.

It is called 2nd order because it takes as object of study certain plots of knowledge provided by other disciplines and constitutes categories to analyze that knowledge. Do you want to know more about philosophical knowledge and its characteristics? Then we recommend you continue reading this article on Psychology-Online.

Index

1. What is philosophical knowledge?
2. Types of philosophical knowledge
3. Characteristics of philosophical knowledge
4. Ontological and logical-semantic questions

We define philosophical knowledge as one of the most important branches of philosophy. It is aimed at exploring the way we reason and question the different philosophical principles and thought in general. They do not do scientific research, their reflections and

Knowledge according to philosophy

How is knowledge created? That is one of the first questions posed by epistemology, according to philosophy, we create knowledge through reasoning, observation of phenomena and reflection. In psychology we closely relate philosophical knowledge to our discipline since it tries to find out the origins of human thought and how they are created ideas through experience.

Before defining the characteristics of philosophical knowledge, it is important to comment that there are other ways that This has been developed over the centuries and that today we can define various types of knowledge philosophical. Among them, we highlight the following:

1. Philosophical knowledge empirical: it is defined as the knowledge that provides data and statements through experience and the real verification of a phenomenon or hypothesis.
2. Philosophical knowledge scientific: this type of philosophical knowledge comprises a whole set of theories, statements and contributions to society whose common characteristic is the observation, analysis, experimentation and study of everything that surrounds us.
3. Philosophical knowledge theological: refers to the knowledge and study of religions and spirituality
4. Philosophical knowledge pure or epistemology: the knowledge that studies the same thought and the genesis of ideas. Also known as "the science of knowledge"

As we have mentioned previously, philosophical knowledge comprises a large number of studies, statements and hypotheses, the main characteristics reside in their methodological issues.

• Purpose: To define the guidelines that should guide the scientific endeavor. Contrasting strategies (They are testable if a favorable or unfavorable judgment can be given for said statement.)

Philosophical Knowledge Methodologies Issues

Logical Positivism. Check. A statement is verifiable if it can be empirically proven that it is a true statement. The problem is that at least one new case can always appear that would falsify the hypothesis. The truth of a universal statement cannot be concluded from the truth of a particular statement. (Vienna Circle)

Logical Empiricism. Confirmation. The data that we can find in the experience, either are favorable to the hypothesis and support it (probably true) or are unfavorable (probably false). (Vienna Circle) Disadvantages: We can only be relatively sure of it, because there may be data that we have not found and that do not fit the hypothesis. We move in the field of probability. The statements are raised provisionally.

The falsification. It is the one with the greatest recognition. It consists of the search for data that goes against our hypothesis that refutes it, because the moment one is found, it can be concluded that the hypothesis is false. From the falsity of a particular statement it is possible to conclude the falsehood of the universal statement. (Popper) Disadvantages:

• It can be very complicated and expensive.
• It could lead to the suspension of the investigation
• Advantages: It is very powerful.

Ontological Issues: What types of categories should be used to analyze scientific changes. (5). Lakatos (1983). Science and its advance are due to research programs. The research programs are made up of: A nucleus: A set of fundamental principles that are unquestionable for those who undertake said research program. Some methodological rules:

• Negative heuristic. Research lines that must be avoided in order to protect the core. Positive heuristic. The lines of research to follow, as well as possible solutions to the difficulties that arise in the program.
• Behaviorism As a research program, it is the study of the S-R relationship through experimental methodology and behavior modification techniques.

Logical-semantic issues: Instrument to be used to conceptually analyze theories. Formal methods have traditionally been used. There are supporters of logical analysis as the only conceptual instrument, even those who reject it.

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