▷ Origin of anarchism: Key concepts

anarchism is a political, social and philosophical movement that means "without authority or power" for its constant struggle for the elimination of any authority, form of government and, in general, any type of power or hierarchy that is intended to be exercised or imposed on society.

Under the concept of anarchism, different political and social movements have been established and detached which, although they have similarities between them, differ in their ways of proceeding.

Some anarchist movements employ more radical methodologies to achieve their goals, even justifying the use of violence as a means of overturning governments; however, other variants of this same movement lean more towards pacifism and passive resistance.

To understand how anarchism works, it is necessary to start from its origin and the interpretation of different key concepts to understand the different variants of this movement.

What is anarchism?

Anarchism is a political and social doctrine that based on the abolition of the state and its organisms, through the vindication of individual rights and freedoms above any authority.

Origin of anarchism

the origin and connotation of anarchism date from the time of French Revolution and the fall of the monarchy at the end of the 18th century, it was used as a derogatory term, to refer to the chaotic era of terror that was experienced in the most drastic stages of the revolution, cataloging the leaders of said movement What Robespierre of anarchists as well as their followers.

The anarchism word It is composed of two words of Greek origin, (an) which means without and the word (arkhe) which means power or mandate; therefore, it was used to refer to this stage of vacuum of power that said movement left the republic.

However, the political and social movement was not called under the name of anarchism until the beginning of the fourteenth century during the beginning of industrial capitalism, arising almost simultaneously in the wake of the labor movement, movement for the struggle to improve the social conditions of a proletariat free from oppression.

In that constant fight for the rights to social equality of the proletariat and in general of the lower classes; Different more extreme aspects of Marxism emerged, such as libertarian communism and utopian socialism, from which anarchism emerged, which it was characterized by being against any form of state authority.

Key concepts of the main anarchist currents.

Anarchism was characterized by its different philosophical currents from which the following concepts are derived:

anarchoindividualism

Also known as individualist anarchism, this is a type of anarchist philosophy that focuses on principles of elevation of the dignity of each person and their own autonomy as an individual, above the stereotypes that society imposes, whether moral, cultural or religious.

As well as any type of control or external coercion towards individuals, whether from the state or not, emphasizing negative freedom.

Mutualism

Set up a society whereeach individual can have the means of production necessary to be able to satisfy the needs and demands of society; through a dynamic of exchange in the market.

anarcho-comumism

Also called libertarian anarchism or communist anarchism that is based on a horizontal society free from any state authoritarianism, without hierarchies and without the existence of private property.

Platea socialization of goods and services and any form of production, without any distinction between social classes.

anarcho-syndicalism

It is a form of organization of workers, based on the ideological thoughts of anarchism, through the vindication of the working class through autonomous unions of political power.

Its main objective is to conquer the means of production by the working class, as a way of social reorganization, under federalist prices and direct democracy.

Ecoanarchism

Also called ecological anarchism or anarchism sells is a sociological and environmental doctrine with emphasis on the fight against the ecological problems derived from industrialized societies and your lifestyle.

This form of anarchism proposes the integration of the environment and sustainable development and self sufficient.

Anarchofeminism

It is an anarchist doctrine, also called feminist anarchism which is based on the autonomy and freedom of women and vindication of the individual rights of the female gender.

The feminist movements that adopt this concept are based on the principles of anarchism, of the fight against any power or form of government that oppresses in any way the rights of the gender.

anarcho-capitalism

It is a variant of anarchism that poses the elimination of state power and any type of intervention that threatens the free market, in addition to the protection of individual rights to private property.

Also proposing a management system for economic activity through a private management law instead of public management laws.