▷ Project Methodology: Definitions and Types

The methodology of a project is a set of procedures structured through several stages that allow its efficient execution from the beginning to the end, Each project can apply different methodologies according to its specifications, such as: waterfall methodology, agile methodology, critical path methodology, etc

The methodology of a project it's a key factor for achieving the results of a project efficiently and effectively; However, there is no single methodology to follow, there are different methods that can be applied depending on the needs, objectives and specific characteristics of each project.

These methodologies are characterized by having aset of structured processes and procedures used to plan, execute, and control a project. For companies, these methodologies are very useful, since they allow them to evaluate and refine the results to satisfy the needs of the client.

What is the methodology of a project?

The methodology of a project refers to a set of procedures, techniques, tools and principles used to plan, execute, and control the activities required to achieve project objectives efficiently and effectively.

The methodological framework provides a structure and a systematic approach to the development of the project and is used to guarantee that the requirements of the same are met, such as execution deadlines, the budget, and the scope of the results desired.

Life cycle of a project

The project life cycle refers to the different stages through which a project goes from its beginning to its completion. Below is a general description of the main five stages of the life cycle of any project:

1. Definition: In this stage the objective of the project is defined and the needs and expectations of the interested parties are identified. The scope of the project is also established, the budget is determined and the resources necessary for its execution are identified.
2. Planning: In this stage, a detailed plan is prepared to achieve the objectives of the project, the deadlines are established, the necessary costs and resources, risks are identified and criteria are established to measure the success of the project. project.
3. Execution: In this stage the plan elaborated in the previous stage is carried out; that is, planned activities are carried out, resources are assigned, and project progress is monitored.
4. Monitoring and control: In this stage the progress of the project is monitored and measures are taken to correct any deviations in the plan; Problems are identified and corrective measures are put in place to ensure that the project stays on track.
5. Closing: This is the final stage of the project, where the results are delivered, an evaluation of the same is also carried out and a report is prepared that includes the lessons learned and recommendations for future projects Similar.

Types of Project methodology:

Project methodologies vary according to the nature of the project, its scope, its complexity and its context.. Some of the more common project methodologies include:

1. Cascade or waterfall methodology:

This is a methodology that It is most often used in large and complex projects, that is based on a sequential and linear process; that is to say, through phases in a chain, where in order to start a new stage it is necessary to complete the previous one.

To do this, a general objective is initially established, divided into small specific objectives and then the necessary activities are grouped in stages until the completion of the project.

This methodology is very useful in complex projects, allowing details to be perfected at each stage, by optimizing activities.

In general terms, the cascade methodology is covered by the following stages:

• Definition of project and its objectives.
• Planning activities in stages in a sequential and orderly manner.
• Execution of the tasks.
• Monitoring and control of the stages.
• Closing of the project.

2. Agile methodology:

This is one interactive and adaptable methodology used for dynamic and changing projects, in which the project is divided into tapas sprints and is developed collaboratively with project stakeholders.

This methodology is very practical to use due to its effectiveness and simplicity, and unlike the previous one, this one is much more versatile. to handle any unforeseen events that may arise during the execution of the project, without compromising the results.

However, there is no single agile methodology, since within this methodology there are variants of the method, such as the Scrum and the Kanban, which can be combined with each other.

This agile methodology is broadly covered as follows:

• Definition of the agile project and its objectives.
• Planning sprints, their processes and tools.
• Conducting daily meetings between the project team.
• Establish interactions and collaborations in the execution process.
• Respond to changes.
• Sprint evaluation.
• Closing of the project.

3. Chain methodology or critical path:

The critical path methodology of a project is a project management method that It is used to plan and time manage a project.

This methodology is based on the identification of critical project tasks, that is, those tasks that cannot be delayed without affecting the overall project time; for this it is sought better resource management and reduced time waiting between critical tasks, in order to complete the project on time.

To implement the critical path or chain methodology in a project, the following phases must be developed:

• Definition of the project and objectives.
• Task identification.
• Time estimation.
• Identification of critical activities (activities that should not be delayed).
• Resource planning.
• Reduction of waiting times.
• Monitoring and control.
• Closing of the project.

4. V-methodology:

The methodology of a project through the model or method in V, is a methodology that combines the waterfall structure with feedback of the agile methodology; the project It is divided into phases and each phase is tested and validated before moving on to the next.

This methodology is based on a sequential and linear model divided into two phases:

• descending phase where the needs of the project are identified.
• rising phase where the verification or validation of the needs is indicated.

5. Spiral Methodology:

The spiral methodology is a project management approach that HEused to develop complex projects that involve a great deal of uncertainty and risk.

The spiral approach is used in complex projects, since allows project teams to adapt as the project evolves; since, in each life cycle, teams can learn from the mistakes made in the previous cycle and adjust their approach to improve the final result.

Additionally, the spiral methodology encourages collaboration and communication among project team members, which can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the project as a whole.

The spiral methodology is developed in four phases, which are:

• Planning.
• Risk analysis.
• Development.
• Effectiveness evaluation.