If you study, or studied Administration, you know the importance of knowing the origins of this and how it was formed and developed over the years in its different phases and periods. Therefore, today we are going to talk a little about the 4 principles of Taylor's Scientific Management, created by American Frederick Winslow Taylor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Scientific Management had at its core the objective of applying science to management. It had an emphasis on tasks, seeking to eliminate waste, worker downtime and reduce costs. production costs. With the aim of guaranteeing a better cost / benefit relation with the productive systems of the companies of the time.
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Taylor was thus looking for a form of management that would make the worker produce more in less time, without raising the company's production costs. He pointed out that the management system at that time had many flaws, including: the lack of standardization of working methods, the ignorance on the part of the administrators of the workers' work and the form of remuneration used in the companies.
His work was divided into two periods:
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- Taylor's 1st period: rationalization of the work of factory workers at that time.
- 2nd Taylor period: definition of management principles applicable in all daily business situations.
In this article you will find:
Time and movements study
In his book "Administration of Workshops" (1903), Taylor proposes the rationalization of work through the study of times and movements. This study aimed to define a methodology that all workers must follow, preaching the standardization of the work method and the tools used.
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Instrument created to promote the rationalization of the worker's work. It was the division and subdivision of all the movements necessary to perform each operation in a task. Among the advantages of time and motion studies are:
- Elimination of unnecessary efforts and movements
- Rationalization of the selection of workers and their adaptation to work
- Facilitates training and improves efficiency and performance
- Rational organization of work (ORT)
The Rational Organization of Labor aimed to eliminate useless movements, making workers perform their tasks more easily and fast, establishing an average time, so that the activities will be carried out in a shorter time and with quality, increasing production in a efficient. The ORT preached:
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- Analysis of workers' work
- Time and movements study
- Task fragmentation
- Worker specialization
From these studies, Taylor developed some principles that, in his opinion, guided the Scientific Administration. Next, we will see what they were:
4 principles of Taylor's Scientific Management
In 1911, Taylor presented, in his second book "Principles of scientific management", the fundamental principles of scientific management. Are they:
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Planning
It does not matter if it is a simple day-to-day task or the development of a sophisticated business plan, the planning he must be in place for success to happen. In this step, you must answer essential questions: why do it? How do I do it? Where do I do it? What will I need? And what are the variables?
Assuming you want to become a micro-entrepreneur, you want to market the famous hot dog. The first step is to survey the available resources, then analyze how much to invest so that your business has a good working capital, then choose the point that best suits your industry.
Everything must be thought through with great care to reduce the chances of mistakes. Also, you will need some technical knowledge that will be worked on later.
Organization
Second, Henri Fayol, one of the leading classical management theorists. Organizing consists of dividing the responsibilities, that is, the activities to be carried out, in order to facilitate their execution.
The organization of an initiative involves prior planning. Once all the guidelines of a project have been established, the procedures to follow, dividing them into commands or departments.
Control
Have the control It is essential both in the day-to-day and in the management of a company or project, as the popular saying goes, "The owner's eye is what makes cattle fat." It's always good to stay on top of sales, purchases, and expenses.
In the management dictionary, control is synonymous with success. Supervise the evolution of the activities of the sectors or departments, helps in the identification of failures in the process or in the implementation of improvements, aiming at higher results, thus ensuring the viability of the plan stipulated.
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The direction Efficient is carried out through the evaluation, negotiation, communication and stimulation of the employees. Make the strategic proposals applicable.
With the application of these principles, the CA was able to achieve some objectives and identify new important situations for the Administration's development process. Workers' cooperation was obtained through wage incentive plans and production bonuses. The managers of the time thought that wages were the only motivation of the worker (homo economicus).
The design of positions and tasks showed the simple and repetitive work of the production lines, the standardization and the working conditions that ensured the efficiency. It was also found that it made no sense to rationalize the worker's work if the superior continued working as before.
