The strategic planning It is essential in companies, since defines the direction and purpose of the organization in the long term, aligning all actions towards a shared vision.
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It is especially crucial for senior management, since provides a clear roadmap to guide decision making, allowing to allocate resources effectively and anticipate possible challenges.
Furthermore, this planning Enables corporate leaders to set priorities, identify opportunities and threats in the changing environment and guarantee the adaptability and competitiveness of the company.
Let's see what it is about, and 5 types of strategic planning.
In this article you will find:
What are strategic planning?
The strategic planning refers to processes through which long-term objectives are established
This planning It is based on the formulation of plans to address or overcome challenges and take advantage of opportunities, in order to achieve a competitive advantage or fulfill a specific mission.
Chiavenato and Sapiro, (2017) argue that this planning “it is in the hands of the senior management of the organization (at the institutional level) and corresponds to the major plan, to which all other plans are subordinated.”
Therefore, we can say that strategic planning is planning that generally covers the entire organization, through long-term projections, and that includes the organization as a whole.
Strategic planning in general implies:
- Situation analysis: Before formulating strategies, it is essential to understand the environment in which you operate. This may include a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) or PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal) to identify internal and external factors that may influence the organization or project.
- Definition of objectives: Long and short term objectives are determined. These goals should be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Temporary (SMART).
- Strategy formulation: Based on the analysis carried out and the defined objectives, different strategies or courses of action are proposed to achieve these objectives.
- Implementation of strategies: Once strategies have been chosen, it is necessary to translate them into specific actions and allocate resources for their execution.
- Monitoring and control: Once strategies are in place, it is essential to monitor progress and compare results with established objectives. If deviations are identified, strategies or actions need to be adjusted accordingly.
- Feedback and adjustment: Strategic planning is a continuous process. Based on monitoring, strategies and plans may need periodic adjustments to adapt to new challenges or changing circumstances.
Strategic planning allows organizations and people to anticipate challenges, adapt to changes in the environment, and direct their efforts in an organized manner towards achieving objectives specific; Therefore, it is an essential tool for any entity seeking to succeed in a competitive or constantly changing environment.
5 Types of strategic planning
Strategic planning can take various forms and approaches depending on its purpose.
Here I present some of the main types of strategic planning:
Strategic financial planning
Strategic financial planning is a process that combines financial management with the long-term vision of an organization, Its objective is to ensure that the entity has the necessary financial resources to achieve its goals and remain viable in the future.
Through this process, organizations analyze their current income, expenses, investments and other financial factors to make projections and determine strategies; This planning allows us to identify growth opportunities, potential risks and areas for improvement.
Besides, offers a framework for making informed decisions on investments, financing and resource allocation, aligning financial goals with general strategic objectives.
Strategic production planning
Strategic production planning is a systematic process that defines how an organization will carry out its productive operations to meet market demands and achieve its long-term objectives.
This planning addresses decisions related to capacity, technology, resources, processes and workflows; To do this, it is based on an in-depth analysis of market trends, internal capabilities and the company's goals.
This planning seeks to optimize efficiency, guarantee quality, reduce costs and improve flexibility to adapt to changes or unforeseen events, thus ensuring the competitiveness and sustainability of the organization in the future, by designing a clear roadmap for production operations.
Strategic marketing planning
Strategic marketing planning is a structured process that guides an organization's marketing actions to achieve its business objectives.
To do this, it focuses on analyzing the market, identifying opportunities, defining target segments and establishing positioning, through this planning, companies can design strategies to promote, distribute and price their products or services more effective.
Basically, strategic marketing planning is based on a deep understanding of consumer behavior, competition and emerging trends, allowing companies to anticipate change, innovate and maintain a competitive advantage; It is essential to direct resources, efforts and creativity towards marketing initiatives that generate a positive and sustainable impact.
Strategic human resources planning
Strategic human resources planning is a proactive process that aligns staff needs and priorities with organizational objectives long-term; Its purpose is to ensure that the company has the right talent, at the right time and in the right functions to meet its goals.
This approach addresses aspects such as staff recruitment, training, development and retention, through a detailed analysis of current capabilities and future personnel needs, strategic human resource planning allows organizations to adapt to changes, face challenges and take advantage of opportunities, ensuring efficiency and competitiveness in the market current.
Administrative strategic planning
Strategic administrative planning is a process that focuses on optimizing and aligning administrative operations and processes with the general objectives of the organization.
This planning identifies areas for improvement, establishes priorities and defines actions to maximize management efficiency; To this end, aspects such as the organizational structure, distribution of responsibilities, work flows and the implementation of systems and tools are addressed.
By harmonizing administrative practices with the vision and mission of the company, coherent and coordinated management is guaranteed that supports the achievement of strategic goals, promotes adaptability and contributes to the sustainable success of the organization.
Conclusion
Strategic planning represents a valuable tool for senior management, guide the future of the company, optimizing its resources, activities or processes to achieve organizational objectives.
However, it is important to highlight that theStrategic planning does not act in isolation from other levels of planning, well you are require tactical and operational planning for its implementation and effectiveness.
Bibliographic references:
Chiavenato Idalberto and Sapiro Arão. (2017). STRATEGIC PLANNING Fundamentals and applications. Third edition. MCGRAW-HILL INTERAMERICANA EDITORES, S.A. of C.V. ISBN: 978-1-4562-5663-0.
